Rafael Leal-Arcas PhD cand, LLM (EUI), JSM (Stanford), LLM (Columbia), MPhil (LSE), BA, LLB (Granada)

Rafael is Lecturer in International Economic Law and Deputy-Director of Graduate Studies. Previously he was a Visiting Researcher at Harvard Law School (European Law Research Center) and Fellow at the Real Colegio Complutense (Harvard University), an Emile Noel Fellow at New York University School of Law (Jean Monnet Center for International and Regional Economic Law and Justice), and a Visiting Scholar at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Law School (Institute for Legal Studies). Rafael completed his graduate legal education at Stanford Law School , Columbia Law School (where he obtained the Parker School Certificate for Achievement in International and Comparative Law) , the London School of Economics and Political Science, and the European University Institute ( Florence , Italy ). He completed his first law degree at the universities of Granada ( Spain ), Regensburg ( Germany ), Bologna ( Italy ), and Angers ( France ). He has previously taught at the University of Vienna School of Law ( Austria ), the National Law School of India University ( Bangalore , India ), where he was POROS Chair in European Union law, and the Universidade Federal Minas Gerais School of Law ( Brazil ). Rafael is also a Fellow of the Salzburg Seminar, and has been the recipient of the Fulbright, the British Council, and La Caixa scholarships.

Rafael has acted as a consultant to the World Trade Organization's legal affairs division, has served in the United States Court of International Trade (Chambers of Judge Pogue), and has clerked at the European Court of Justice (Chambers of Advocate-General Kokott) as well as the Court of First Instance of the European Communities (Chambers of Judge Lindh). He was an intern at the European Commission General Secretariat (Forward Studies Unit) –where he participated in the Young Leaders Summit 2000 (Okinawa, Japan), EU Council of Ministers Legal Service (External Relations Team), European Parliament General Secretariat (Directorate-General for Research), United Nations Secretariat (Economic and Social Council), and the European Commission Delegation to the United Nations. He has published numerous articles on international trade law, international environmental law, EU law, and the interaction among them in American and European law reviews, has presented papers at conferences in the U.S. , Canada , Europe, the Far East, and Latin America , and acts as a referee for the journals European Integration Online Papers and the London Law Review. Rafael is a member of the International Law Association, the Council for European Studies, the European Community Studies Association, the University Association for Contemporary European Studies, the European Union Studies Association, the Political Studies Association, as well as the Young Professionals in Foreign Policy. He is a qualified attorney in Spain and speaks English, Spanish, French, German, Italian, Ladino, and conversational Portuguese. Rafael is currently completing a novel based on a true criminal case in Italy .

Research Interests

Rafael Leal-Arcas’ research interests lie in international economic law and the external relations law of the EU.

Publications Since 2001

“EU Legal Personality in Foreign Policy?,” Boston University International Law Journal , Vol. 24.2, (2007), pp. 165-212

“Choice of Jurisdiction in International Trade Disputes: Going Regional or Global?” Minnesota Journal of International Law , Vol. 16.1, [2007]

“Theories of Supranationalism in the EU,” Journal of Law in Society , [2007]

“EU Legal Personality in Foreign Policy?” Boston University International Law Journal , Vol. 24.2, [2007]

WTO Analytical Index: Guide to WTO Law and Practice (Contributor), Geneva: World Trade Organization and Bernan Press, 2006, ISBN: 0890596034 [URL]

Review of “ External Economic Relations and Foreign Policy in the European Union ,” Griller, S. & Weidel, B. (eds.), SpringerWienNewYork, 2002, published in European Law Books , on November 29, [2005], http://www.europeanlawbooks.org/reviews/detail.asp?id=95

The EU Institutions and Their Modus Operandi in the World Trading System [2005] 12(1) Columbia Journal of European Law 125-197, ISSN: 1076-6715 [URL]

The Reception of European Community Law in Spain [2005] 1(1) Hanse Law Review 18-21, ISSN: 1863-5717 [URL]

The Significance of the Nice Treaty and Constitutional Treaty in Relation to Services Trade in the Doha Round Framework [2005] 1(1) International Relations and Politics Online Quarterly 62-83 [URL]

The EU Decision-Making Process in EC Trade Policy: The Three Internal Tensions, in F. Astengo and N. Neuwahl (Editors), A Constitution for Europe? Governance and Policy-Making in the European Union, Volume 2, Montreal: Chaire Jean Monnet, 2004, 132-156, ISBN: 2921770415 [URL]

Doha Negotiations on Services Trade: Consequences of the Nice Treaty Reform and the Constitutional Treaty, London: The Federal Trust for Education and Research, 2004, 1-11 [URL]

The WTO and the EC: The Three-Level Game of Decision-Making. What Multilateralism Can Learn from Regionalism [2004] 8(14) European Integration Online Papers 1-43, ISSN: 1027-5193 [URL]

The EC in the GATT/WTO negotiations: From Rome to Nice: Have EC Trade Policy Reforms Been Good Enough for a Coherent EC Trade Policy in the WTO? [2004] 8(1) European Integration Online Papers 1-29, ISSN: 1027-5193 [URL]

The State Of Play Of The EC’s Common Commercial Policy: A Legal And Policy Analysis [2003] 11(2) Tilburg Foreign Law Review 537-559, ISSN: 0926-874X [URL]

The European Court of Justice and the EC External Trade Relations: A Legal Analysis of the Court’s Problems with Regard to International Agreements [2003] 72(2) Nordic Journal of International Law 215-251, ISSN: 0902-7351 [URL]

Exclusive or Shared Competence in the Common Commercial Policy: From Amsterdam to Nice [2003] 30(1) Legal Issues of Economic Integration 3-14, ISSN: 1566-6573 [URL]

United We Stand, Divided We Fall: The European Community and its Member States in the WTO Forum: Towards Greater Cooperation on Issues of Shared Competence? [2003] 1(1) European Political Economy Review 65-79, ISSN: 1742-5697 [URL]

The European Community and the International Trading System: A Judicial Approach [2002] 22(1) The International Relations Journal 47-54 [URL]

Is the Kyoto Protocol an Adequate Environmental Agreement to Solve the Climate Change Problem? [2001] 10(10) European Environmental Law Review 282-294, ISSN: 0966-1646 [URL]

Unitary Character of EC External Trade Relations [2001] 7(3) Columbia Journal of European Law 355-383, ISSN: 1076-6715 [URL]

The European Community and Mixed Agreements [2001] 6(4) European Foreign Affairs Review 483-513, ISSN: 1384-6299 [URL]

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